What is the symbol for internal energy?

The symbol for internal energy is denoted by U. Internal energy represents the total energy contained within a system, which includes kinetic and potential energy at the molecular level. This concept is fundamental in thermodynamics and is crucial for understanding processes such as heat transfer, work, and changes in state.

While H represents enthalpy, S signifies entropy, and E typically refers to energy in a more general sense, it is U that specifically corresponds to internal energy in thermodynamic equations and discussions. Understanding the correct symbol is important for accurately interpreting formulas and performing calculations in physical chemistry.