What formula represents the vapour pressure in the presence of applied pressure?

The correct answer is based on the relationship between vapor pressure and the applied pressure, which is described by the formula for the effect of pressure on the vapor phase equilibrium of a substance.

The formula p = pe^(V_mΔP/RT) incorporates several important thermodynamic concepts. In this equation, 'p' represents the equilibrium vapor pressure of the substance, 'V_m' is the molar volume of the substance in the gas phase, 'ΔP' is the change in pressure (which could be an increase due to applied external pressure), 'R' is the universal gas constant, and 'T' is the absolute temperature.

This expression arises from the application of the ideal gas law along with the considerations of how external pressure modifies the equilibrium state of the vapor-liquid system. When pressure is applied to a system, the term 'ΔP' describes this change, and since the vapor phase is affected, we see how the vapor pressure adjusts in response. The exponential factor indicates that there is a significant sensitivity of vapor pressure to changes in volume and temperature, leading to a non-linear relationship between applied pressure and vapor pressure.

This formula is particularly useful in chemical engineering and physical chemistry for understanding how vapor pressures behave under varying conditions