The change in Gibbs energy corresponds to which of the following combinations?

The change in Gibbs energy, also known as Gibbs free energy, is a thermodynamic potential that reflects the maximum reversible work that can be performed by a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure. It is a fundamental concept in physical chemistry, especially when discussing reaction spontaneity and equilibrium.

The correct choice encompasses pressure, temperature, and composition because all three factors directly influence the Gibbs energy of a system.

1. Pressure: Changes in pressure affect the Gibbs energy for reactions involving gases, where the volume changes can significantly impact the free energy. In reactions that produce or consume gases, the Gibbs energy will change with pressure, reflecting how the equilibrium position shifts according to Le Chatelier's principle.

2. Temperature: The Gibbs free energy is temperature-dependent. The relationship between temperature and Gibbs energy is given by the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH is the enthalpy change, T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin, and ΔS is the entropy change. As temperature varies, the values of ΔH and ΔS may also influence whether a process is spontaneous.

3. Composition: The composition of a system, referring to the amounts and identities of the components present, directly affects the Gibbs